The P0520 code in your 2012 Chevrolet Equinox indicates an oil pressure sensor circuit malfunction, but when combined with high oil consumption, it points to a well-documented problem with the 2.4L Ecotec engine. Excessive oil consumption in these engines is a known issue that has led to class action settlements and extended warranty coverage.
Understanding the Oil Consumption Issue
The 2012 Equinox with the 2.4L LEA Ecotec engine has documented problems with piston ring design that allows excessive oil to enter the combustion chamber and burn. Consumption of 1 quart per 1,000 miles or more is not uncommon. The P0520 code may set when oil level drops low enough to affect oil pressure readings, or the sensor itself may fail from exposure to burnt oil residue.
How the Problem Develops
GM's piston ring design on these engines doesn't adequately seal against the cylinder walls during certain operating conditions. Oil passes the rings and burns in the combustion chamber, leading to oil loss, potential carbon buildup, and eventually damage to the catalytic converter from the oil additives. The P0520 sensor may fail due to contamination or simply coincidental failure.
Diagnostic Approach
First, verify actual oil pressure with a mechanical gauge—don't assume the sensor reading is accurate. Document oil consumption by checking level every 500-1,000 miles. Check for blue smoke at startup or during deceleration. Inspect PCV system for proper operation, as a failed PCV can worsen oil consumption. Review if your vehicle qualifies for GM's extended coverage on this issue (Special Coverage Adjustment 14311).
Repair Options
Replace the oil pressure sensor if it's failed. For the oil consumption issue, GM's repair involves piston and ring replacement, which is a significant repair. Check if your vehicle qualifies for GM's special coverage. If not covered, some owners manage the condition by checking oil frequently and keeping the engine topped off. Severe cases may require engine rebuild or replacement.